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1.
Psicol. conoc. Soc ; 9(2): 25-46, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091832

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Se presentan algunos resultados de una investigación más amplia, dirigida a conocer los discursos de la infancia y su cuidado de un dispositivo de intervención de la infancia temprana en Chile. Utilizando el recurso del análisis de repertorios interpretativos (Potter y Wetherell, 1987; Wetherell y Potter 1996) se analizó un corpus textual conformado por 12 documentos institucionales. De los múltiples repertorios identificados, aquí presentamos aquellos que nos permitieron captar de forma singular las relaciones entre neurociencias, política pública e infancia: el cerebro como actor social; el riesgo como alteración; y la intervención como optimización. Concluimos, que estos repertorios colaboran a la conformación de representaciones de la infancia altamente biologizadas y fuertemente vinculadas a modelos de capital humano y representaciones tradicionales del género y la maternidad. Si bien los hallazgos de la neurociencia se plantean como promesa para superar la desigualdad social, se trataría más bien de un optimismo cruel (Edwards, Gillies y Horsley, 2015) que ocultaría las profundas desigualdades de género y sociales en nuestro país y el posicionamiento de las madres pobres como responsables de los riesgos, así como del desarrollo cerebral de sus hijos.


Abstract: Some results of a broader investigation are presented, aimed at knowing the speeches of childhood and their care of an intervention device of early childhood in Chile. Using the resource of interpretive repertoire analysis (Potter and Wetherell, 1987, Wetherell and Potter, 1996), a textual corpus consisting of 12 institutional documents was analyzed. From the multiple repertories identified, we present those that allow us to capture in a singular way the relationships between neurosciences, public policy and childhood: the brain as a social actor; the risk as alteration; and the intervention as optimization. We conclude that these repertoires collaborate in the conformation of representations of childhood that are highly biologized and strongly linked to models of human capital and traditional representations of gender and motherhood. Although the findings of neuroscience are seen as a promise to overcome social inequality, it would be rather a cruel optimism (Edwards et al., 2015) that would hide the deep gender and social inequalities in our country and the positioning of poor mothers as responsible for the risks, as well as the brain development of their children.


Resumo: São apresentados alguns resultados de uma investigação mais ampla, dirigida a conhecer os discursos da infância e seu cuidado de um dispositivo de intervencao da primeira infancia temprana no Chile. Utilizando o análise de recursos de repertórios interpretativos (Potter e Wetherer, 1987) analisou-se se um corpus textual composto de 12 documentos institucionais. Dos vários repertórios identificados, apresentamos aqueles que nos permitem captar de forma singular as relações entre neurociências, políticas públicas e infancia: o cérebro como ator social; o risco como alteração; e a intervenção como otimização. Concluímos que esses repertórios colaboram com as representações da infância altamente biologizadas e fortemente ligadas aos modelos de capital humano e representações tradicionais do gênero e maternidade. Enquanto as descobertas da neurociência surgem como uma promessa para superar a desigualdade social, mais bem tratar-se-ia de um cruel otimismo (Edwards et al., 2015) que ocultaría as profundas desigualdades de gênero e sociais em nosso país, e o posicionamento das mães pobres como responsáveis pelos riscos, bem como o desenvolvimento cerebral de seus filhos.

2.
Acta cir. bras ; 34(9): e201900901, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1054695

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of tadalafil (TD) in preventing histological alterations of the corpus cavernosum caused by isolated lesions of cavernous nerve (ILCN) and artery (ILCA) in rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned in five groups: G1: control; G2: bilateral ILCN; G3: bilateral ILCA; G4: ILCN+TD; G5: ILCA+TD. The cavernous bodies were submitted to histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. Results: Nerve density was significantly higher in G2 and G4 compared to control (22.62±2.84 and 19.53±3.47 vs. 15.72±1.82; respectively, p<0.05). Smooth muscle density was significantly lower in G2 and G3 in comparison to G1 (12.87±1.90 and 18.93±1.51 vs. 21.78±1.81, respectively; p<0.05). A significant decrease in the sinusoidal lumen area was observed in G2 compared to controls (5.01±1.62 vs. 9.88±3.66, respectively; p<0.05) and the blood vessel density was increased in G2 and G3 (29.32±4.13 e 20.80±2.47 vs. 10.13±2.71, p<0.05). Collagen density was higher in G3 compared to G1 (93.76±15.81 vs. 64.59±19.25; p<0.05). Conclusions: Histomorphometric alterations caused by ILCN were more intense than those produced by vascular injury, but the collagen analyses showed more fibrosis in animals with ILCA. TD was effective in preventing the majority of the alterations induced by the periprostatic bundle injury.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Penis/innervation , Penis/blood supply , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/pharmacology , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/prevention & control , Tadalafil/pharmacology , Penis/drug effects , Penis/pathology , Prostatectomy/adverse effects , Immunohistochemistry , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Collagen/analysis , Collagen/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Elastic Tissue/anatomy & histology , Elastic Tissue/drug effects , Erectile Dysfunction/prevention & control
3.
REVISA (Online) ; 8(2): 119-131, 2019.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1095670

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar quais são os mecanismos de trauma e os tipos de lesões mais frequentes nos pacientes de 30 a 49 anos atendidos na sala amarela do centro de trauma de um hospital público do Distrito Federal. Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivo transversal sobre o perfil, epidemiológico e clínico. Os critérios de inclusão foram: admissões primárias, faixa-etárias 30 a 49 anos, ambos os sexos e vítima trauma, totalizando amostra com 697 admissões. Resultados: foi evidenciado que nesta faixa etária, prevaleceram os motociclistas traumatizados com 27,7%( n= 193), seguido de ocupante de automóvel traumatizado com 17,5%( n= 122) e queda da própria altura com 11,04%( n=77). Conclusão: o trabalho evidencia a necessidade das equipes componentes dos sistemas hospitalares e demais unidades que atuam diretamente ou indiretamente, com pacientes traumáticos, a necessidade de se aperfeiçoarem, na tentativa de se conhecer melhor o perfil de pacientes que buscam tratamentos nesta unidade, além de poder proporcionar uma assistência de melhor qualidade.


Objective: to identify the mechanisms of trauma and the most frequent types of injuries in patients aged 30 to 49 attended of the Federal District Public Hospital trauma center, specifically in the yellow room. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study on the epidemiological and clinical profile. ). Inclusion criteria were: primary admissions, age range 30 to 49 years, both sexes and trauma victim. The sample was composed for 697 admissions. Results: Among the injuries, it was evidenced that in this age bracket, traumatic motorcyclists prevailed with 27.7% (n = 193), followed by a traumatic motor vehicle occupant with 17.5% (n = 122) and fall of the height itself with 11.04 % (n = 77). Conclusion: This work evidences the need of the hospital system components teams and other units that act directly or indirectly, with trauma patients, the need to improve themselves, in an attempt to better understand the profile of patients who seek treatment in these units, besides being able to provide assistance.


Subject(s)
Young Adult
4.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 43(6): 1129-1135, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-892915

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the overactive bladder (OAB) diagnosis using OAB-V8 and ICIQOAB questionnaires in women with different schooling and cultural levels. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and eighty six healthy women answered a clinical questionnaire filling out information about schooling, demographic and gynecological data. The OAB-V8 and ICIQ-OAB questionnaires were used to evaluate OAB diagnosis and symptoms; and the QS-F questionnaire, to determine the sexual function. All questionnaires were validated in Portuguese. Results: The mean age was 37.3 years-old. Regarding to schooling level, 23.1% had concluded primary education; 65.8%, secondary school; and 11.1% had higher education. Considering the OAB-V8 (score ≥8), 51.8% of evaluated women had OAB diagnosis. There was a positive linear correlation between the OAB-V8 and ICIQ-OAB questionnaires in its sections "a" (r=0.812, p<0.001) and "b" (r=759, p<0.001). There was a positive linear correlation between age and the amount of time used to answer the OAB-V8, ICIQ-OAB and QS-F questionnaires (p<0.001). The ICIQ-OAB was the hardest to answer for all schooling levels when compared to the other questionnaires. Women who had concluded primary and secondary education significantly demanded more help to answer all questionnaires than those with higher education (p<0.05). Furthermore, women with higher education took significantly less time answering all questionnaires when compared to their less educated counterparts (primary and secondary schooling), since they were quicker to answer each individual question. Conclusion: Educational level and ageing had an impact on women response using different questionnaires for OAB and sexual function evaluations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Social Class , Educational Status , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 73(2): 46-51, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398322

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En pacientes VIH (+) se han descrito marcadores predictores de enfermedades asociadas a etapa SIDA, sin embargo no existe claridad respecto factores asociados enfermedades no SIDA. Una relación CD4/CD8 baja se ha identificado como marcador de inmunosenescencia y aumento de morbimortalidad en la población general, sin embargo aún está en estudio su utilidad en pacientes VIH (+). Objetivo: Determinar si una relación CD4/CD8 baja se asocia a mayor morbilidad no relacionada a etapa SIDA en pacientes VIH (+). Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo. Se seleccionaron pacientes VIH (+) que ingresaron un programa de vacunación contra VHB del Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke desde octubre de 2012. Se dividieron en grupos con relación CD4/CD8 < 0.6 y CD4/CD8 > 0.6 y se analizó la aparición de enfermedades no relacionadas a etapa SIDA en ambos grupos durante su seguimiento hasta mayo de 2016. Resultados: En la muestra de 79 pacientes, 54 (68%) tuvieron una relación CD4/CD8 < 0.6 y 25 (32%) tuvieron un CD4/CD8 > 0.6. La incidencia de enfermedades no relacionadas a etapa SIDA fue 39 (72%) pacientes en el grupo con relación CD4/CD8 baja y 13 (52%) en el grupo con relación CD4/CD8 alto (p=0.06). En 15 (19%) pacientes la relación CD4/CD8 disminuyó, esto se asoció a educación hasta enseñanza básica (p=0.01), viraje a carga viral detectable (p<0.01) y enfermedad hepática (p=0.02) Conclusión: La relación CD4/CD8 es un marcador emergente y prometedor, pero aún falta evidencia para determinar su utilidad.


Introduction: Although biomarkers predicting AIDS-associated pathology have been described, there is little clarity with respect to the markers for non AIDS-associated pathology. A low CD4/CD8 ratio has been seen to be a marker of immunesenescence and raised morbi-mortality in the general population, however its usefulness in HIV (+) patients is still being studied. Objective: To determine whether a low CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with increased AIDS-unrelated morbidity in the AIDS stage of HIV (+) patients. Materials and Methods: Observational study with retrospective cohort. HIV (+) patients were selected from patients admitted to a HBV vaccination program in Dr. Gustavo Fricke Hospital from October 2012 on. They were divided into two groups: CD4/CD8 < 0.6 and CD4/CD8 > 0.6 and followed until May 2016, analyzing the appearance of AIDS-unrelated illnesses in both groups. Results: In the 79 patient sample, 54 (68%) had CD4/CD8 ratio < 0.6 and 25 (32%) had a CD4/CD8 ratio > 0.6. The incidence of non AIDS-related illnesses in the AIDS stage was 39 (72%) in patients with a low CD4/CD8 ratio and 13 (52%) in the group with a high CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.06). Conclusion: The CD4/CD8 ratio fell in 15 (19%) of patients, this being associated with primary education only, (p=0.01), virologic rebound (p<0.01) and liver disease.

6.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 41(1): 168-171, jan-feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742859

ABSTRACT

Objective To describe the surgical technique and initial experience with a single-port retroperitoneal renal biopsy (SPRRB). Materials and Methods Between January and April 2013, five children underwent SPRRB in our hospital. A single 1.5 cm incision was performed under the 12th rib at mid-axillary line, and an 11 mm trocar was inserted. A nephroscope was used to identify the kidney and dissect the perirenal fat. After lower pole exposure, a laparoscopic biopsy forceps was introduced through the nephroscope working channel to collect a renal tissue sample. Results SPRRB was successfully performed in five children. The mean operative time was 32 minutes, and mean estimated blood loss was less than 10 mL. The hospital stay of all patients was two days because they were discharged in the second postoperative day, after remaining at strict bed rest for 24 hours after the procedure. The average number of glomeruli present in the specimen was 31. Conclusion SPRRB is a simple, safe and reliable alternative to open and videolaparoscopic approaches to surgical renal biopsy. .


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration/instrumentation , Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration/methods , Kidney/pathology , Laparoscopy/methods , Retroperitoneal Space/surgery , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Length of Stay , Operative Time , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors
7.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; ago. 2004. 70 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-431270

ABSTRACT

A dirofilaríase pulmonar humana (DPH) é uma doença que se caracteriza pela presença de nódulo pulmonar não calcificado ocasionado pela presença de vermes imaturos de D. immitis. Normalmente não produz ameaça à saúde do homem por apresentar evolução benigna e, apesar de estar relatada em todos os continentes e ser do conhecimento dos serviços de Radiologia e Pneumologia, poucos nódulos pulmonares retirados chegam ao diagnóstico final, ficando restrito a ser ou não uma neoplasia. Trabalhos prévios baseados na amplificação via reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) de regiões repetitivas de rDNA de D. immitis demonstraram a importância da utilização destas como marcadores moleculares espécie-específicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo gerar subsídios necessários para a criação de um diagnóstico específico para DPH causada por D. immitis, para posterior aplicação de um estudo retrospectivo em materiais de biópsia parafinados contidos nos serviços de Anatomia Patológica. Desenhamos oligonucleotídeos a partir da seqüência do espaçador ribossomal ITS2 de D. immitis, e os utilizamos na técnica da PCR. O produto obtido foi clonado, seqüenciado e, posteriormente analisado com as ferramentas disponíveis no GenBank. Reações de PCR e nested-PCR utilizando como alvo DNA de D. immittis bem como dos nematóides filogeneticamente relacionados Litomosoide sp.,Onchocerca volvulus e Wuchereria bancrofti foram realizadas. Somente para D.immitis obtivemos produto com 405pb que demonstrou similaridade acima de 97 (por cento) com a região ITS2.As reações de “nested-PCR” dos produtos em que se utilizou DNA extraído de espécimes adultos fixados em formalina e emblocados em parafina resultaram em amplicons com aproximadamente 215pb, compatíveis com o tamanho esperado. Este trabalho visou a identificação espécie-específica de D.immitis, em materiais fixados em formalina e emblocados em parafina, sendo ainda o primeiro relato da utilização da técnica de nested-PCR com a mesma finalidade. Foi desenvolvido um diagnóstico molecular que poderá identificar dirofilaríase pulmonar em lesões pulmonares sem confirmação de etiologia. Com essa ferramenta molecular, a frequência dessa parasitose poderá ser melhor avaliada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dirofilaria , Dirofilariasis , Dirofilaria immitis , DNA, Intergenic
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 37(1): 56-59, jan.-fev. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-356180

ABSTRACT

Relata-se caso de dirofilaríase pulmonar humana em paciente com 45 anos de idade, proveniente do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A radiografia torácica evidenciou nódulo pulmonar solitário localizado no lóbulo inferior esquerdo, mimetizando neoplasia. Dirofilaríase pulmonar humana deveria ser investigada em nódulos pulmonares näo malignos e de etiologia näo conclusiva.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Female , Dirofilaria immitis , Dirofilariasis , Lung Diseases, Parasitic , Dirofilariasis , Lung Diseases, Parasitic , Thoracotomy
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